午夜伧理A级日韩1片

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測試開發之源码篇-代码分支策略

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陳琦

2023-05-31 15:04:15

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摘要：本文介绍了常见的代码分支策略，包括主幹開發、Git Flow、Github Flow和Gitlab Flow。每种策略都有其适用场景和优势，可以根据项目需求选择合适的代码分支策略。

本篇目錄

一、主幹開發

主幹開發

開發持續向主幹提交代碼，並基于主幹進行測試驗證；
在主幹上修複缺陷，再同步修正的代碼到需要的發布分支上；
每次均基于主幹，創建指定版本的發布分支；
可享受持續集成、驗證、交付帶來的好處，消除不必要的分支切換和代碼合並工作；
如果有衆多成員同時工作在一個主幹上，相互間容易幹擾、引發代碼沖突等問題；
可借助特性切換機制（如部署時的配置、代碼中的判斷），來規避不同版本間的差異（如隱藏不成熟的特性，賦予社區版和專業版不同功能），容易引發新的問題和複雜性。

二、Git Flow

Git Flow

開發人員在特性分支上實現新的特性，並提交代碼；
頻繁將特性分支上的代碼合並到開發分支，並做集成測試；
集成開發分支上的代码到發布分支，完成集成和系统测试；
推送發布分支上的代码到主幹进行发布；
在修複分支上修複线上缺陷，验证通过后发布补丁，并同步到主幹和開發分支；
始终将主幹视作整个项目的基线，并在其上对标各个版本的快照；
如果長時間在特性分支上工作，可能會導致朝開發分支上合並時産生沖突；
可选择性地省略開發或發布分支，在主幹上完成持续集成和发布；
可选择性地省略修複分支，在特性分支上完成线上问题的修複。

三、Github Flow

Github Flow

從主分支創建一個特性分支，用于開發；
在特性分支上完成開發后，提交一个Pull Request（PR）申请向主分支推送代碼；
組織相關人員對PR代碼進行審查，合並主分支上的代碼進行測試和驗證；
PR批准後，合並代碼到主分支，刪除特性分支；
編譯、打包主分支上的最新代碼，部署到生産環境；
該模型頻繁合並代碼，進行自動化集成、驗證和部署，符合CI和DevOps工程學理念；
可持续向主幹集成有价值增量，尽早在可运行的完整系统上进行测试验证，符合敏捷開發的精神；
该模型更适合于運營在相同环境下、沿着单线演进的项目，如在线服務；
对于一些在不同客户处、有很多不同版本的産品，以及规模较大的工程或团队，会有一定难度。

四、Gitlab Flow

Gitlab Flow

对应Github Flow中的Pull Request（PR），存在一个名为Merge Request（MR）的过程；
在發布側（圖中Master分支以上部分），增加了 预産品分支和産品分支；
從主分支到産品分支代碼的Promotion，需逐層提交MR進行評審和驗證；
通常在Master分支上修複缺陷，再逐层Promote到上层産品分支；
需維護集成環境（對應Master分支）、預上線環境（對應预産品分支）和生産環境（對應産品分支）多個環境；
相比Github Flow，更适合于同时需要维护多个版本的、对外发布的産品；
推荐以单个特性的颗粒度，完成從Feature分支到Master分支的Merge Request，以方便日后在産品的不同版本编号（如V1.0、V2.0）、不同版本系列（如社区版、专业版）上，进行功能的划分和组合。

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For the next few days the proposed journey was the theme of conversation in the Bassett family. Mary examined all the books she could find about the countries her brother expected to visit; then she made a list of the things she desired, and the day before his departure she gave him a sealed envelope containing the paper. She explained that he was not to open it until he reached Japan, and that he would find two lists of what she wanted. From the railway station our travellers went to the Nihon Bashi, in order to begin their journey from the centre of the empire. A more[Pg 116] practical reason was a desire to see the river, and the great street leading to it, as they would get a good idea of the extent of the city by taking this route, and would obtain numerous glimpses of Japanese street life. They found the streets full of people, and it seemed to the boys that the whole population must be out for an airing. But the Doctor informed them that the sight they were witnessing was an every-day affair, as the Japanese were essentially an outdoor people, and that many of the industries which in other countries would be conducted under a roof were here seen in progress out of doors. The fronts of the Japanese houses are quite open to the view of the public, and there is hardly anything of what we call privacy. It was formerly no uncommon sight to see people bathing in tubs placed in front of their door-steps; and even at the present time one has only to go into the villages, or away from the usual haunts of foreigners, to see that spectacle which would be unknown in the United States. The bath-houses are now closed in front in all the cities, but remain pretty much as before in the smaller towns. Year by year the country is adopting Western ideas, and coming to understand the Western views of propriety. The one at the end accomplishing a graceful pirouette is me--I mean Even M. Vacherot, with all his anxiety to discover an Oriental origin for Neo-Platonism, cannot help seeing that this attack on the Gnostics was inspired by an indignant reaction of Greek philosophy against the inroads of Oriental superstition, and that the same character belongs more or less to the whole system of its author. But, so far as we are aware, Kirchner is the only critic who has fully worked out this idea, and exhibited the philosophy of Plotinus in its true character as a part of the great classical revival, which after producing the literature of the second century reached its consummation in a return to the idealism of Plato and Aristotle.522 "At eight o'clock, sir," he answered resentfully, "in front of the dry-goods store on the main street. If that is convenient for your men." "Come on over," the master said from the doorway. "Come on over." He made a beckoning motion. She could not discipline her attitude towards him—sometimes she was composed, distant even in her thoughts; at others a kind of delirious excitement possessed her, she flushed and held down her head in his presence, could not speak to him, and groped blindly for escape. She would, on these occasions, end by returning to Rye, but away from Reuben a restless misery tormented her, driving her back to Odiam. "My lord, I was unwilling that a soul should be lost——" This unexpected consummation wrought upon Holgrave so much, that, with the sullen determination which had marked his character on previous occasions, he resolved not to answer any questions whatever. We should have premised, that the galleyman had given Holgrave a solemn promise, that if any ill befel him, Margaret should be cared for like his own wife. This was a solace to him, as he thought over his mother's death, and his own evil destiny. But there was another solace, that, strange as it may appear to some minds, arose from the thought, that whatever might befall him, the baron's heir would share in it. At first, when he had been removed to Sudley, mild measures were resorted to. He was lodged in a comfortable apartment, fed plentifully, and promised his freedom with whatever reward he might claim, if he would but speak satisfactorily as to the lost child. When this failed, he was sent to the keep, and for a week black bread and cold water were the only articles of aliment supplied; and then the peine forte et dure was resorted to. But though his face was swollen, and of a livid, purple hue, and the eyes seemed starting from their sockets at the pressure on his chest, as he lay with his limbs extended on the earth, yet would he not speak the word which would have released him from all this suffering. The extreme punishment, however, of adding weights until nature could sustain no more, was delayed from day to day. The baroness had twice given birth to children who had survived but a few hours; the third had lived, but it was a daughter; and as she dwelt upon the approaching extinction of their noble line, she dared not permit the order to be given that might deprive her of all hope. Day after day were the weights pressing and stifling, and forcing the blood that still crept through his veins to his extremities, and distending the hands and feet with a feeling of agony. But though the pressure was at each time removed when the leech pronounced the prisoner exhausted, yet it appeared repetition, though slow, would effect the work as surely as if the punishment had been in the first instance applied in all its legal rigour. HoME 午夜伧理A级日韩1片ENTER NUMBET 00224sales.cn
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