午夜伧理A级日韩1片

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極限編程中的简单设计，其实不简单

原創

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LuLu

發表時間 2021-01-19

閱讀數 7684

最后编辑：琦琦于 2025-05-23 15:45:46

摘要：简单设计是極限編程中的重要原则，它强调保持代码简洁、最小化，并用最少的元素表达需求。Unix哲学也体现了简单设计的原则，如清晰、简洁、组合和模块化。简单设计的核心价值在于降低复杂性成本，使软件易开发、测试、调试和维护。Kent Beck提出了四条优先级排列的原则：通过所有测试、清晰表达意图、消除重复和减少代码元素。

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简单设计是说只编写必要的代码，用最简洁的代码来实现当前的需求，来让程序结构保持最简单、最小、最富表现力。"保持简单、保持笨拙"，这也是著名的KISS（keep it simple, stupid）原则。

很多軟件設計很好地踐行了這一原則，例如知名的Unix。Unix 哲學中的很多原則也都體現了簡單設計：

1.清晰原則：代碼要清晰，避免晦澀難懂，清晰的代碼不容易崩潰且容易理解和維護。同時也要重視注釋，避免日後閱讀、維護艱難；

2.簡潔原則：複雜的軟件出Bug的概率會更高，所以代碼設計要盡可能簡潔，從而降低維護成本；

3.組合原則：不同程序之間通過接口相連，而接口之間則用文本格式進行通信，因爲文本格式是最易處理，也最通用的格式；

4. 模块原则：每个程序只做一件事，不要试图在单个程序中完成多个任务。例如Unix中的管道文件，管道是一个程序的输出，也是另外一个程序的输入，每个程序只专注在某一个方向；

5. 优化原则：在功能实现之前，不要考虑对它进行优化。毕竟"先求运行，再求正确，最后求快。"

Unix程序員追求簡單設計，源于一個注重實效的事實：複雜度就是成本。複雜的軟件更難以開發、測試、調試和維護。

如何才能做到簡單設計？

Kent Beck 在《解析極限編程——拥抱变化》中，为简单设计制定了按优先级排列的4条原则：

通過所有測試：代碼可通過在項目中所編寫的各種測試，且最終能被客戶驗收；
盡可能清晰表達：所有代碼都明確表達作者意圖，簡單說就是要盡可能增加代碼的可讀性；
盡可能消除重複：重複，意味著低內聚、高耦合。消除重複，才會有助于提升軟件的響應力；
更少代碼元素：盡可能減少代碼元素，保持簡潔，來降低代碼的複雜度。

極限編程核心价值中的简单和勇气，在简单设计中得到了充分的体现。在实际项目研发过程中，简单设计并不是不为将来考虑，而是面对系统变更时，团队要有足够的勇气和信心，相信我们有能力通过重构，来应对新的挑战和变化。那么，团队该如何重构，我们下个視頻见。

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For the next few days the proposed journey was the theme of conversation in the Bassett family. Mary examined all the books she could find about the countries her brother expected to visit; then she made a list of the things she desired, and the day before his departure she gave him a sealed envelope containing the paper. She explained that he was not to open it until he reached Japan, and that he would find two lists of what she wanted. From the railway station our travellers went to the Nihon Bashi, in order to begin their journey from the centre of the empire. A more[Pg 116] practical reason was a desire to see the river, and the great street leading to it, as they would get a good idea of the extent of the city by taking this route, and would obtain numerous glimpses of Japanese street life. They found the streets full of people, and it seemed to the boys that the whole population must be out for an airing. But the Doctor informed them that the sight they were witnessing was an every-day affair, as the Japanese were essentially an outdoor people, and that many of the industries which in other countries would be conducted under a roof were here seen in progress out of doors. The fronts of the Japanese houses are quite open to the view of the public, and there is hardly anything of what we call privacy. It was formerly no uncommon sight to see people bathing in tubs placed in front of their door-steps; and even at the present time one has only to go into the villages, or away from the usual haunts of foreigners, to see that spectacle which would be unknown in the United States. The bath-houses are now closed in front in all the cities, but remain pretty much as before in the smaller towns. Year by year the country is adopting Western ideas, and coming to understand the Western views of propriety. The one at the end accomplishing a graceful pirouette is me--I mean Even M. 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